Getting a Complete List of User Privileges in Snowflake
These queries don’t need much explanation. I’ve had some customers request how to get a complete list of user privileges, often for auditing purposes. The two queries below will show the role hierarchy (which roles have been granted which other roles) and a complete list of effective permissions for each user.
For instance, if someone grants user ‘MARY’ the ‘PLAN_9’ role, and that role has a privilege to select from ‘TABLE_X”, then one row in the result will show that MARY can select from TABLE_X because she’s been granted the PLAN_9 role. All other users in the PLAN_9 role will also show a row with this set of user, role granting the privilege, and then the privilege itself.
Snowflake enforces a best practice for security and governance called RBAC, role based access control. Privileges go to roles, not directly to users. To grant a user a privilege, add the user to a role with the privilege.
-- The data returned by both queries is in the
-- SNOWFLAKE database, which has latency of up
-- to 3 hours to reflect changes
-- Get the effective role hierarchy for each user.
with
-- CTE gets all the roles each role is granted
ROLE_MEMBERSHIPS(ROLE_GRANTEE, ROLE_GRANTED_THROUGH_ROLE)
as
(
select GRANTEE_NAME, "NAME"
from SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.GRANTS_TO_ROLES
where GRANTED_TO = 'ROLE' and
GRANTED_ON = 'ROLE' and
DELETED_ON is null
),
-- CTE gets all roles a user is granted
USER_MEMBERSHIPS(ROLE_GRANTED_TO_USER, USER_GRANTEE, GRANTED_BY)
as
(
select ROLE,
GRANTEE_NAME,
GRANTED_BY
from SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.GRANTS_TO_USERS
where DELETED_ON is null
)
--
select
USER_GRANTEE,
case
when ROLE_GRANTED_THROUGH_ROLE is null
then ROLE_GRANTED_TO_USER
else ROLE_GRANTED_THROUGH_ROLE
end
EFFECTIVE_ROLE,
GRANTED_BY,
ROLE_GRANTEE,
ROLE_GRANTED_TO_USER,
ROLE_GRANTED_THROUGH_ROLE
from USER_MEMBERSHIPS U
left join ROLE_MEMBERSHIPS R
on U.ROLE_GRANTED_TO_USER = R.ROLE_GRANTEE
;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- This gets all the grants for all of the users:
with
ROLE_MEMBERSHIPS
(
ROLE_GRANTEE,
ROLE_GRANTED_THROUGH_ROLE
)
as
(
-- This lists all the roles a role is in
select GRANTEE_NAME, "NAME"
from SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.GRANTS_TO_ROLES
where GRANTED_TO = 'ROLE' and
GRANTED_ON = 'ROLE' and
DELETED_ON is null
),
USER_MEMBERSHIPS
(
ROLE_GRANTED_TO_USER,
USER_GRANTEE,
GRANTED_BY
)
as
(
select ROLE,GRANTEE_NAME,GRANTED_BY
from SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.GRANTS_TO_USERS
where DELETED_ON is null
),
EFFECTIVE_ROLES
(
USER_GRANTEE,
EFFECTIVE_ROLE,
GRANTED_BY,
ROLE_GRANTEE,
ROLE_GRANTED_TO_USER,
ROLE_GRANTED_THROUGH_ROLE
)
as
(
select
USER_GRANTEE,
case
when ROLE_GRANTED_THROUGH_ROLE is null
then ROLE_GRANTED_TO_USER
else ROLE_GRANTED_THROUGH_ROLE
end
EFFECTIVE_ROLE,
GRANTED_BY,
ROLE_GRANTEE,
ROLE_GRANTED_TO_USER,
ROLE_GRANTED_THROUGH_ROLE
from USER_MEMBERSHIPS U
left join ROLE_MEMBERSHIPS R
on U.ROLE_GRANTED_TO_USER = R.ROLE_GRANTEE
),
GRANT_LIST
(
CREATED_ON,
MODIFIED_ON,
PRIVILEGE,
GRANTED_ON,
"NAME",
TABLE_CATALOG,
TABLE_SCHEMA,
GRANTED_TO,
GRANTEE_NAME,
GRANT_OPTION
)
as
(
-- This shows all the grants (other than to roles)
select CREATED_ON,
MODIFIED_ON,
PRIVILEGE,
"NAME",
TABLE_CATALOG,
TABLE_SCHEMA,
GRANTED_TO,
GRANTEE_NAME,
GRANT_OPTION,
GRANTED_ON
from SNOWFLAKE.ACCOUNT_USAGE.GRANTS_TO_ROLES
where GRANTED_ON <> 'ROLE' and
PRIVILEGE <> 'USAGE' and
DELETED_ON is null
)
select * from EFFECTIVE_ROLES R
left join GRANT_LIST G
on G.GRANTED_TO = R.EFFECTIVE_ROLE
where G.PRIVILEGE is not null
;